.SCREEN 0 101
` WELCOME TO THE MINI-MATHCAD HELP SYSTEM                    Press [Esc] to exit  

 FUNCTION KEYS [(*) = not in demo]║         HOW TO TYPE OPERATORS
                                  ║
 [F1] help      [F2] quit         ║   Key  Operator          Key  Operator
 [F3] cut       [F4] paste        ║   ───  ──────────────    ───  ──────────────
 [F5] load (*)  [F6] save (*)     ║   'x   Parentheses       x*y  Multiplication
 [F7] split (*) [F8] switch (*)   ║   x[y  Subscript         x$y  Summation
 [F9] calc     [F10] insertline   ║   x!   Factorial         x#y  Product
 ═════════════════════════════════╣   x"   Conjugate         x?y  Derivative
       OTHER KEYS                 ║   -x   Negative          x&y  Integral
                                  ║   x^y  Power             x+y  Addition
 [BackQuote]  menus               ║   \x   Square root       x-y  Subtraction
       [Esc]  commands by name    ║   |x   Absolute value    x>y  Greater than
           @  create plot region  ║   x/y  Division          x<y  Less than
           "  create text region  ║                        x,y;z  Range
` FOR ADDITIONAL HELP, CHOOSE A LETTER FROM THE LIST BELOW                       

A. What do I do now?      D. Ranges, arrays, iteration     G. Plotting

B. Built-in functions     E. Input and output tables       H. Units & dimensions

C. Commands and menus     F. Formatting, names,            I. Limitations of
                             Greek letters                    mini-MathCAD
.SCREEN 1 101
` WELCOME TO THE MINI-MATHCAD HELP SYSTEM                    Press [Esc] to exit  

 FUNCTION KEYS [(*) = not in demo]║         HOW TO TYPE OPERATORS
                                  ║
 [F1] help      [F2] quit         ║   Key  Operator          Key  Operator
 [F3] cut       [F4] paste        ║   ───  ──────────────    ───  ──────────────
 [F5] load (*)  [F6] save (*)     ║   'x   Parentheses       x*y  Multiplication
 [F7] split (*) [F8] switch (*)   ║   x[y  Subscript         x$y  Summation
 [F9] calc     [F10] insertline   ║   x!   Factorial         x#y  Product
 ═════════════════════════════════╣   x"   Conjugate         x?y  Derivative
       OTHER KEYS                 ║   -x   Negative          x&y  Integral
                                  ║   x^y  Power             x+y  Addition
 [BackQuote]  menus               ║   \x   Square root       x-y  Subtraction
       [Esc]  commands by name    ║   |x   Absolute value    x>y  Greater than
           @  create plot region  ║   x/y  Division          x<y  Less than
           "  create text region  ║                        x,y;z  Range
` FOR ADDITIONAL HELP, CHOOSE A LETTER FROM THE LIST BELOW                       

A. What do I do now?      D. Ranges, arrays, iteration     G. Plotting

B. Built-in functions     E. Input and output tables       H. Units & dimensions

C. Commands and menus     F. Formatting, names,            I. Limitations of
                             Greek letters                    mini-MathCAD
.SCREEN 101 0
` HOW TO USE MATHCAD             Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit  

When you use MathCAD, you can do any of the following:

 USE MATHCAD TO CALCULATE. Type   │   SELECT A COMMAND FROM A MENU. Press
  "expression =" , for example:    │    the backquote key (`). The backquote
                                   │    is on the same key as the the tilde (~).
      3 + 4/117 =                  │    Then use the arrow keys to see
                                   │    menus of commands. To select a command
  MathCAD computes the result.     │    use the up/down keys to highlight it,
                                   │    then press ─┘. Some commands are
                                   │    also on the [F1] through [F10] keys.
 DEFINE A VARIABLE. Type          │
  "variable: expression", for      │   ENTER TEXT. Press a double-quote (")
  example:                         │    to create a text region. Then type
                                   │    between the resulting pair of quotes.
     y := m*x + b                  │
                                   │
  If m, x, and b are defined, this │   CREATE A PLOT. Press an at-sign (@) to
  defines the variable y.          │    create a plot region. Then fill in the
                                   │    placeholders for axis limits and
                                   │    expressions to plot.

For more information, see the Tutorial or press [F1] and choose a topic.
.SCREEN 102 0
` MATHCAD BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS        Press [F1] for main help menu, [Esc] to exit 

 TRIGONOMETRIC     ║   HYPERBOLIC         ║  BESSSEL          ║ LOGS/EXPONENTIAL
                   ║                      ║                   ║
 sin(z)   asin(z)  ║   sinh(z)  asinh(z)  ║  J0(x)    Y0(x)   ║ exp(z)
 cos(z)   acos(z)  ║   cosh(z)  acosh(z)  ║  J1(x)    Y1(x)   ║ ln(z)
 tan(z)   atan(z)  ║   tanh(z)  atanh(z)  ║  Jn(n,x)  Yn(n,x) ║ log(z)
 ══════════════════╩══════════════╦═══════╩═══════════════════╩═════════════════
 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS                ║ ARRAY AND STATISTICAL (X and Y arrays)
                                  ║
 Re(z) ....... real part          ║ last(array)    mean(array)    corr(X,Y)
 Im(z) ....... imaginary part     ║ length(array)  var(array)     slope(X,Y)
 floor(x) .... greatest integer   ║ max(array)     stdev(array)   intercept(X,Y)
 ceil(x) ..... least integer      ║ min(array)     Γ(z)           erf(x)
 angle(x,y) .. angle to (x,y)     ║ freqs := hist(intervals, data)
 mod(x,y) .... remainder          ╠═════════════════════════════════════════════
 until(x,y) .. y until x<0        ║ CUBIC SPLINE (X and Y arrays)
 Φ(x) ........ Heaviside step     ║
 root(exp,x) . root of express'n  ║ C := lspline(X,Y)  C := cspline(X,Y)
══════════════════════════════════╣ C := pspline(X,Y)  interp(C,X,Y,x)
 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM           ╠═════════════════════════════════════════════
                                  ║ FILE ACCESS
 c := fft(array)  c := cfft(array)║                                 
 z := ifft(c)     z := icfft(c)   ║ READ(file)      WRITE(file)     APPEND(file)
.SCREEN 103 401
` WAYS TO USE MATHCAD COMMANDS     Press [F1] for main help menu, [Esc] to exit  

  TO EXECUTE A COMMAND BY NAME,        │  TO EXECUTE COMMANDS FROM MENUS,
   press the [Esc] key and enter the    │   press the backquote key (`) to see
   command name. For example:           │   the top level command menu. Then use
        [Esc] cut ─┘                   │   the left/right keys to see submenus,
                                        │   and the up/down keys to highlight
   You need only type enough letters    │   commands in those submenus. To
   to differentiate the command from    │   execute a command, highlight it in
   other commands. For example, you     │   the menu and press ─┘.
   could load a file by typing:         │
        [Esc] cu ─┘                    │  YOU CAN ALSO CHOOSE A COMMAND FROM
                                        │   A MENU BY TYPING THE FIRST LETTER.
  SOME COMMANDS ARE ON FUNCTION KEYS.  │   For example, to select the Cut 
   For example, to cut a region, press  │   command from the Edit menu, type:
   the [F3] key.                        │         `EC

` FURTHER HELP ON MATHCAD COMMANDS ── Type a letter from the list below          

        A. System commands               C. Editing and moving commands

        B. Computation commands          D. Text commands

 File commands and Window/page commands are not included in this demo version.
.SCREEN 104 0
` RANGE VARIABLES                Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit 

To perform an iterative calculation      Type this         See this
in MathCAD, start with a RANGE           ─────────         ────────
VARIABLE. For example ────────────      j: 1;20           j := 1 ..20

Now j will range from 1 to 20 each time you use it in an equation.

` SUBSCRIPTED VARIABLES AND ITERATION                                            

A subscripted variable, or array,      │  More examples using subscripts:
is a MathCAD variable that holds       │              ┌   ┐
many values.                           │  y  := x ∙sin│x  │
                                       │   j     j    └ j ┘
To define a subscripted variable,      │
use a formula like this:               │  z  := 1   z  := z   + α
                                       │   0         j     j-1
      π        Use a left bracket      │   ┬─┬                      Type # for
x  := ──∙j     to type a subscript:    │   │ │ k = 5040             product.
 j    10       Type x[j for "x sub j"  │    k
                                       │             ┌───┐          Type $ for
NOTE: THIS DEMONSTRATION VERSION IS    │  dotprod :=  >    x ∙m     summation.
LIMITED TO 20 ARRAY ELEMENTS. MathCAD  │             └───┘  i  i 
Version 1.1 can handle 7000 elements.  │               i
.SCREEN 105 0
` INPUT TABLES                          █  OUTPUT TABLES                         
                                       │
 To enter values in a MathCAD table,   │ To see values of a ranged expression
 first define a range variable, for    │ or subscripted variable in a table,
 example:           i := 1 ..10        │ just type the expression followed
                                       │ by an equals sign. MathCAD shows the
 Then type:                            │ results in an output table.
      A subscripted variable.         │
      A colon                         │ EXAMPLES:
      Numbers or expressions,         │              2       x        i∙x
       separated by commas.            │     i       i         i          i
                                       │   ┌───┐   ┌────┐   ┌─────┐   ┌─────┐
 You see an input table ───  x  :=    │   │ 1 │   │  1 │   │ 100 │   │ 100 │
                               i       │   ├───┤   ├────┤   ├─────┤   ├─────┤
 To insert into an           ┌───────┐ │   │ 2 │   │  4 │   │ 200 │   │ 400 │
 input table, put the        │ 100   │ │   ├───┤   ├────┤   ├─────┤   ├─────┤
 cursor at the end of        ├───────┤ │   │ 3 │   │  9 │   │ 300 │   │ 900 │
 a table entry and           │ 200   │ │   ├───┤   ├────┤   └─────┘   └─────┘
 TYPE A COMMA. To            ├───────┤ │   │ 4 │   │ 16 │
 delete a table entry        │ 10∙30 │ │   ├───┤   ├────┤
 put the cursor on it        ├───────┤ │   │ 5 │   │ 25 │
 and press [BackSpace].      │   ■   │ │   ├───┤   ├────┤
                             └───────┘
` PRESS: [F1] for main help menu  [Esc] to exit                                  
.SCREEN 106 501
` FORMATTING NUMERIC RESULTS     Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit  

Global format:                    Local format: with cursor on result or table,
  type [Esc] format ─┘            type f to format
                                   type d to remove format
Format commands show the following codes on the message line:

rd ... radix: decimal, hex, or octal │ zt ... zero tolerance: determines when
                                     │        small numbers are shown as zero
ct ... complex tolerance: determines │
       when numbers are displayed as │ et ... exponential tolerance: determines
       purely real or imaginary      │        when to show exponential notation
                                     │
im ... imaginary unit symbol: i or j │ pr ... precision (decimal places)

` VARIABLE NAMES                 █ HOW TO TYPE GREEK LETTERS                     
                                │
MathCAD variable names can      │ To type a Greek letter, press [Alt] + key:
include any of the following:   │
                                │ α ...[Alt]A     Γ ...[Alt]G     π ...[Alt]P
 letters:        AaBbCc ...    │ ß ...[Alt]B     Φ ...[Alt]H     Θ ...[Alt]Q
 numbers:        123456 ...    │ δ ...[Alt]D     ∞ ...[Alt]I     σ ...[Alt]S
 Greek letters:  αßΓπΣµ ...    │ ε ...[Alt]E     ⁿ ...[Alt]N     τ ...[Alt]T
 Special chars:  _, %, and ∞   │ φ ...[Alt]F     Ω ...[Alt]O     µ ...[Alt]U
.SCREEN 107 501
` CREATING A PLOT                Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit 

To create a plot, press @.      Move the cursor to the placeholders and type:
You see an empty plot:             An x-axis expression, or several expressions
                                    separated by commas.
   ■ ┌─────────────┐               A y-axis expression or several expressions
     │             │                separated by commas.
   ■ │             │               Axis limits (numbers). Type a number or
     │             │                expression for each of the placeholders at
   ■ └─────────────┘                the ends of the axes
     ■      ■      ■               Press [F9] to plot the points.
`                       SOME TYPICAL PLOTS                                      
                                                         y    ┌─────────────┐
                              Amax ┌─────────────┐        100 │       +  + +│
    1 ┌─────────────┐              │────┐        │       y    │    + +++    │
      │ . ∙ .       │      y1 ,y2  │    └────┐┌─ │        i   │   + ++      │
sin(x)│∙     ∙    ∙ │        i   i │──────┐  └┼─ │       y    │ ++         +│
      │        ∙ ∙  │              │      └───┘  │        0   └─────────────┘
    -1└─────────────┘         Amin └─────────────┘            0      x      10
      0      x      π              0      i     10                    i
` CHANGING PLOT SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS                                         

               To see the Help screen on changing plot size
               and characteristics, type "A".
.SCREEN 108 0
` USING UNITS IN MATHCAD         Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit 

To use units in MathCAD, follow        │ 3. MathCAD checks dimensions when
these steps:                           │    you use them in equations:
                                       │                                cm
1. Define base units of length, mass,  │    v1 := 50∙mph     v2 := 100∙───
   time, and/or charge. For example:   │                               sec
                                       │    vel := v1 + v2 + 1000∙cm
   cm ≡ 1L    g ≡ 1M    sec ≡ 1T       │                   │
                                       │          ┌────────┴─────────┐
   1L, 1M, and 1T represent base       │          │incompatible units│
   units of length, mass, and time.    │          └──────────────────┘
   To see ≡ (the global definition     │
   symbol), type a tilde (~).          │ 4. MathCAD show dimensions for results:
                                       │                           1     -1
2. Define other units in terms of      │    v1 + v2 = 2335.2∙length ∙time   ■
   these:                              │
                          2            │ 5. Put cursor on final placheholder (■)
   ft ≡ 30.48∙cm   hr ≡ 60 ∙sec        │    and type units. MathCAD converts
                                       │    result to those units:
   mile ≡ 5280∙ft        mile          │
                   mph ≡ ────          │                      ft
                          hr           │    v1 + v2 = 76.614∙───
                                       │                     sec
.SCREEN 109 0
` LIMITATIONS OF MINI-MATHCAD    Press [F1] for main help menu or [Esc] to exit  

     Mini-MathCAD is actually a subset of the full functionality
     of MathCAD. Mini-MathCAD is identical to MathCAD Version 1.1,
     except for the following:       

  MINI-MATHCAD DOES NOT SCROLL.        │  MINI-MATHCAD DOES NOT PRINT.
   Mini-MathCAD is limited to an area   │   In MathCAD Version 1.1 you can
   of 24 lines by 80 columns. In        │   print all or part of a document, 
   MathCAD Version 1.1 the screen is a  │   exactly as you see it on the screen.
   window into an area of any desired   │
   length or width.                     │  MINI-MATHCAD ARRAYS ARE LIMITED
                                        │   TO 20 ELEMENTS.
                                        │   MathCAD Version 1.1 can handle
  MINI-MATHCAD DOES NOT LOAD OR SAVE.  │   arrays up to 7000 elements.
   In MathCAD Version 1.1 you can save  │
   your documents and load them again   │  SOME BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS (LIKE cos)
   later.                               │   ARE DISABLED IN MINI-MATHCAD.
                                        │   These functions work in MathCAD
                                        │   Version 1.1

      This is only a demonstrations version of MathCAD. To get the
      full functionality, you must purchase MathCAD Version 1.1.
      Call 1-800-MATHCAD for more information.
.SCREEN 401 0
` SYSTEM COMMANDS                (press [BackSpace] for help on other commands) 

Command    Keys     Explanation                 TO SEE THE SYSTEM MENU, TYPE: `S
name       to type  and use
───────    ───────  ───────────                    ██ System ██████████████████ 
help       [F1]     Enter MathCAD Help System
           `SH      (Type [Esc] to exit.)          ┌─────────────────────────┐
                                                   │  Help [F1]              │
quit       [F2]     Exit MathCAD.                  │  Quit [F2]              │
           `SQ                                     │  Dos                    │
                                                   │  Memory                 │
dos        `SD      Interrupt MathCAD to           │  Print                  │
                    execute a DOS command.         │  Redraw [Ctrl]R         │
                    Prompts for the name of a      │                         │
                    DOS command to execute.        │                         │
                                                   └─────────────────────────┘
memory     `SM      Show how much memory is used and available.

print      `SP      Print all or part of a MathCAD document. Printing is not
                    included in this demonstration diskette.

redraw     [Ctrl]R  Redraw the screen.
           `SR
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for commands menu   [F1] for main help menu  [Esc] to exit 
.SCREEN 402 0
` COMPUTATION COMMANDS           (press [BackSpace] for help on other commands) 

Command    Keys     Explanation              TO SEE THE COMPUTE MENU, TYPE: `C
name       to type  and use
───────    ───────  ───────────                   ███████████████ Compute █████
calculate  [F9]     Calculate equations on
           `CC      current screen.                ┌─────────────────────────┐
                                                   │  Calculate [F9]         │
process    `CP      Process all eqns in document.  │  Process                │
                                                   │  Manual                 │
manual     `CM      Set manual calculation mode.   │  Automatic              │
                    ([F9] required to calculate.)  │  Format                 │
                                                   │  Randomize              │
automatic  `CA      Set automatic calc. mode.      │  Dimension              │
                                                   │  Equation (on/off)      │
format     `CF      Set global format. Edit the    └─────────────────────────┘
                    specification shown on the message line.

randomize  `CR      Reset random numbers. Can take a numeric argument.

dimension  `CD      Change dimension names. Edit dimensions shown on msg line.

equation   `CE      [With cursor in eqn] Disable or re-enable calc. for equation
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for commands menu   [F1] for main help menu  [Esc] to exit 
.SCREEN 403 0
` EDITING/MOVING COMMANDS        (press [BackSpace] for help on other commands) 

Command    Keys     Explanation            TO SEE THE EDIT/MOVE MENU, TYPE: `E
name       to type  and use
───────    ───────  ───────────                   ███ Edit/move ███████████████
cut        [F3]     Cut region containing the
           `EC      cursor.                        ┌─────────────────────────┐
                                                   │  Cut [F3]               │
paste      [F4]     Paste region previously cut    │  Paste [F4]             │
           `EP      at current cursor position.    │  Separate [Ctrl]S       │
                                                   │  Insertline [F10]       │
separate   [Ctrl]S  Separate overlapping regions.  │  Deleteline [Ctrl][F10] │
           `ES                                     │  Goto                   │
                                                   │  Move                   │
insertline [F10]    Insert blank line; shift re-   │                         │
           `EI      gions below cursor down 1 line.└─────────────────────────┘

deleteline [Ctrl][F10]  Delete current line; shift regions below cursor up one
           `ED      line. Current line must be empty.

goto       `EG      Go to . Prompts for cursor position or text string.

move       `EM      Relative move. Prompts for numbers of rows and cols to move.
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for commands menu   [F1] for main help menu  [Esc] to exit 
.SCREEN 404 0
` TEXT COMMANDS                  (press [BackSpace] for help on other commands) 

All text commands require cursor                TO SEE THE TEXT MENU, TYPE: `T
to be in text region.
                                                  ████████████████ Text ███████
Command    Keys     Explanation
name       to type  and use                        ┌─────────────────────────┐
───────    ───────  ───────────                    │  Width                  │
width      `TW      Set width (in characters) of   │  Cut [Ctrl][F3]         │
                    text region containing the     │  Paste [Ctrl][F4]       │
                    cursor. Prompts for new        │  Mark [Ctrl]X           │
                    width; rewraps text region to  │                         │
                    specified width. Use ─┘ to    │                         │
                    set margin of new text region. │                         │
                                                   │                         │
textcut    [Ctrl][F3]  Cut currently marked text   └─────────────────────────┘
           `TC      from text region. (See mark command, below.)

textpaste  [Ctrl][F4]  Paste text previously marked or cut into an existing
           `TP      text region.

mark       [Ctrl]X  Mark spot in text region. To mark part of a text region,
           `TM      mark the first and last character of the desired text.
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for commands menu   [F1] for main help menu  [Esc] to exit 
.SCREEN 501 0
` CHANGING PLOT SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS                                        

 To change the size or characteristics of a plot, move the cursor into the plot
 and type "f" (for "format"). You see a specification on the message line:

                logs=0,0  subdivs=1,1  size=5,15  type=l

 To change the plot, edit this line. All items show y-axis first, then x-axis.

logs ... 0 means linear scaling. Any other num- │ type ... line type, as follows
         ber means log scaling with that many   │
         cycles (shown as evenly spaced lines   │ l=line        s=step
         on plot).                              │ d=dot         e=error bars
                                                │ x=exes        X=exes w/lines
subdivs ... number of subdivisions. 1=no sub-   │ p=pluses      P=pluses w/lines
         divisions. For linear scale, subdi-    │ o=rectangles  O=rect's w/lines
         visions shown as evenly spaced lines on│ v=diamonds    V=diam's w/lines
         plot. For log scale, you can specify:  │
    1 .. Cycles not subdivided.                 │ To use several symbol types,
    2 .. Each cycle has 2 log-spaced subdivs.   │ use a string of letters:
    9 .. Each cycle has 9 log-spaced subdivs.   │     type=ldx
                                                │ This shows lines, then dots,
size ... size of plot, in lines and columns     │ then exes.
` PRESS: [BackSpace] for help on plots  [F1] for main help menu  [Esc] to exit  
.END

